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What is the purpose of the bowl shaped support GPZ

Source：www.jswanbao.com Release date： 2026-02-05

GPZ bowl type rubber bearings are the core force transmission and displacement control components in bridges and large engineering structures. Their core purpose is to safely transmit loads, coordinate structural deformation, and ensure structural safety and durability. The specific uses are as follows:
1、 Core functional purpose
1. Load transmission
Reliable transmission of vertical loads (dead load+live load) from the upper structure (beam body) of the bridge to the lower structure (bridge piers, abutments), ensuring uniform distribution of forces.
To withstand and transmit horizontal loads (braking force, wind force, seismic force, temperature stress) to prevent structural instability.
2. Deformation coordination
Vertical deformation: Adapt to the vertical deflection and uneven settlement of the beam through the elastic compression of the middle rubber block.
Horizontal displacement: Fixed supports limit displacement, while unidirectional/bidirectional movable supports allow for horizontal displacement of the beam due to temperature changes and concrete shrinkage and creep, avoiding additional internal forces in the structure.
Rotation adaptation: By using the shear deformation of rubber blocks and the constraint of the basin, the beam can adapt to the angular deformation of the beam (such as cantilever end rotation and mid span deflection), ensuring the free rotation of the beam.
3. Shock absorption and isolation
The elasticity and damping effect of rubber blocks can absorb and dissipate vibration energy, reduce the impact of vehicle impact, wind vibration, and earthquake on the structure, and improve seismic performance.
4. Structural protection
Isolate the rigid contact between the upper and lower structures, reduce stress concentration, prevent concrete cracking and steel structure fatigue, and extend the service life of the bridge.
Adapt to uneven settlement of the foundation and avoid structural damage caused by differential settlement.
2、 Typical application scenarios
Highway/railway bridges: The connection between the beam body and piers of continuous beam bridges, simply supported beam bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and suspension bridges is the "joint" of the bridge.
Municipal engineering: urban overpasses, elevated roads, and elevated sections of rail transit.
Large buildings: support brackets for large-span factory buildings, sports halls, terminals, and other large spatial structures.
Special structures: structures such as aqueducts, corridors, and large pipeline supports that require displacement control.
3、 Subdivide usage by type
Fixed support (GD): restricts horizontal displacement and rotation, transmits all vertical and horizontal loads, and is used for fixing bridge piers.
Unidirectional active support (DX): allows horizontal displacement in one direction and restricts displacement in the other direction, used for the middle pier of continuous beams.
Bidirectional active support (SX): allows horizontal displacement in any direction, transmits only vertical loads, and is used for continuous beam active ends and multi span simply supported beams.
4、 Core advantages
Strong bearing capacity: The vertical bearing capacity can reach 1MN~60MN, suitable for large-span and heavy-duty bridges.
Large displacement: The horizontal displacement can reach ± 50mm~± 250mm, meeting the deformation requirements of large-span bridges.
Good durability: Adopting a sealed structure and anti-aging rubber, the service life can reach 30-50 years, and the maintenance cost is low.
Wide applicability: It can be used in environments ranging from -40 ℃ to+60 ℃ and is suitable for different climate regions.

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