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What are the applications of spherical bearings on wide bridges in railway rail transit bridges

Source：www.jswanbao.com Release date： 2026-03-02

The application of spherical bearings on wide railway rail transit bridges (with large bridge deck width and complex lateral stress) relies on their universal rotation, bidirectional displacement, uniform force transmission, and high load-bearing characteristics to solve key problems such as lateral deformation coordination, multi-directional displacement, and uniform load distribution of wide bridges. The following is an application explanation:
1、 Core application scenarios (official positioning)
Multi line parallel railway wide bridge (double/multi line intercity, high-speed railway, urban railway wide beam bridge): adapted to the lateral displacement and turning requirements of large width bridge decks, ensuring the smoothness of multi line tracks.
Long span continuous beam/rigid frame wide bridge: adapted to large deflection, multi-directional angle and temperature expansion of the beam body, avoiding uneven lateral stress on the wide beam.
Curve/skew wide bridge: compensates for complex spatial deformations caused by curve radius and skew angle, achieving free rotation and displacement of the beam body.
Heavy load/intercity railway wide bridge: meets the vertical heavy load and lateral dynamic load requirements of heavy axle load and high-density driving.
Seismic resistant wide bridge: In conjunction with seismic isolation design, energy dissipation is achieved through spherical sliding to enhance the lateral seismic stability of the wide bridge.
2、 Key technology applications (official statement)
1. Bi directional displacement adaptation (core function)
Adopting a double sliding type (SX) spherical bearing, it achieves bi-directional free displacement of ± 50- ± 200mm in the longitudinal direction and ± 30- ± 100mm in the transverse direction, compensating for the temperature expansion and contraction of the wide bridge, concrete shrinkage and creep, and lateral deformation caused by train loads.
Low friction coefficient (≤ 0.03) flat PTFE skateboard, with low displacement resistance, avoids beam cracking caused by lateral displacement obstruction of wide bridges.
2. Universal rotation coordination (core advantage)
The spherical secondary design enables arbitrary rotation in all directions from 0.02 to 0.05 rad (1.15 ° to 2.86 °), adapting to the transverse and longitudinal angles of the wide bridge caused by load, temperature, and foundation settlement, ensuring uniform force distribution on the beam.
During the rotation process, the force is always transmitted through surface contact, without detachment or stress concentration, which is suitable for the force characteristics of wide bridges, large widths, and multiple support points.
3. Uniform force transmission and high load-bearing capacity (core guarantee)
Spherical contact converts concentrated loads into uniform surface stresses, solving the problem of uneven distribution of lateral loads on wide bridges and avoiding local fulcrum overload.
The vertical bearing capacity covers 1000kN to 100000kN, meeting the vertical load requirements of wide bridges with heavy loads and multi lane driving.
Cast steel/alloy steel body, high strength, impact resistance, suitable for high-frequency dynamic loads of trains.
4. Multi type support combination application (system solution)
Fixed type (GD): arranged on the fixed piers of wide bridges, providing only rotation and constraint of horizontal displacement as a displacement control reference.
Unidirectional sliding type (DX): Free sliding in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, constrained in the transverse direction of the bridge, suitable for longitudinal expansion and contraction of wide bridges, and controlling lateral displacement.
Double directional sliding type (SX): It can slide freely in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge, and is a core configuration for wide bridges, suitable for all directional displacement.
Seismic isolation type: In earthquake prone areas, wide bridges use friction pendulum/lead core ball bearings to dissipate energy through sliding and enhance lateral seismic resistance.
3、 Application Value (Official Summary)
More reasonable force distribution: solves the problem of uneven lateral force distribution and local stress concentration in wide bridges, and extends the service life of the structure.
More coordinated deformation: bidirectional displacement+universal rotation, suitable for complex spatial deformation of wide bridges, ensuring smooth track.
More reliable operation and maintenance: no rubber pressure, no aging problems, strong durability, suitable for the long-term service needs of wide bridges.
Stronger adaptability: customizable bearing capacity, displacement, and rotation angle to meet the differentiated needs of various wide bridge projects.

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